At first
This article summarizes the points to keep in mind when creating an OpenStack All-in-One machine using kolla-ansible in a Proxy environment.
There are many ways to create OpenStack using kolla-ansibe, but they all seem to be based on building in a Proxy environment. Creating in the proxy environment is very laborious, and I felt that there were many people (victims) who gave up because of incomprehensible errors. This time, I was able to create it in the Proxy environment while being very addicted, so I would like to leave information as a reminder.
premise
As a premise, the All-in-One machine created here was created for testing purposes such as verification. Since it is not intended to be used in a production environment, please use it only as a reference procedure.
It's simple, but the creation environment is as follows.・Server (VM): 12vCPU / 16GB Mem / 900GB HDD / 2vNIC (created on 6 VMware ESXi)OS : ubuntu 20.4 LTS (no branch number. Not yet available in 20.4.x)・kolla-ansible: 12.3.1.dev46・OpenStack Release: wallaby
(02/12/2022 Update) OpenStack Xena has confirmed that the procedure will be the same.
procedure
We will only list the important points in building in a proxy environment.For the basic creation method, refer to Kolla Ansible deploying OpenStack wallaby on Ubuntu 20.04.
1. Proxy Settings to Ubuntu OS
First of all, you can set Proxy at the initial installation of ubuntu, so put Proxy setting there. If you do this, apt will pass. Of course, when setting with the domain name of the proxy server, it is also necessary to register the IP address of the DNS server on the IP address registration screen of the interface.
[http or https]://[ユーザー名]:[パスワード]@[Proxyサーバのドメイン名 or IPアドレス]:[ポート番号]【サンプル】http://proxy.sample.com:8080※ユーザー名、パスワード、ポート番号は利用環境毎にあったりなかったりだと思います。2. Proxy settings to pip
Next, before running the Kolla Ansible deploying OpenStack wallaby on Ubuntu 20.04 - Creating python virtual environment procedure, create a /etc/pip.conf and write the proxy configuration below.
[global]proxy = [http or https]://[ユーザー名]:[パスワード]@[proxyサーバのドメイン名 or IPアドレス]:[ポート番号]※ユーザー名、パスワード、ポート番号は利用環境毎にあったりなかったりだと思います。(Optional) Proxy configuration to git
Installing kolla-ansible on pip install kolla-ansible installs the latest release. If you want to install a release other than the latest in pip install git+https://opendev.org/openstack/[emailprotected]/[ブランチ名], etc., run the following command to set Proxy for git as well.
$git config --global http.proxy [http or https]://[ユーザー名]:[パスワード]@[proxyサーバのドメイン名 or IPアドレス]:[ポート番号]$git config --global https.proxy [http or https]://[ユーザー名]:[パスワード]@[proxyサーバのドメイン名 or IPアドレス]:[ポート番号]※ユーザー名、パスワード、ポート番号は利用環境毎にあったりなかったりだと思います。3. Proxy settings to pre-install.yml
Kolla Ansible deploying OpenStack wallaby on Ubuntu 20.04 - Before performing the deployment procedure, you need to add the line with the following "★" in the Ansible Playbook. The target file is ~/wallaby/share/kolla-ansible/ansible/roles/baremetal/tasks/pre-install.yml if it is created according to the basic creation procedure.
110 - name: Install docker apt gpg key111 environment: ★112 http_proxy: [http or https]://[ユーザー名]:[パスワード]@[proxyサーバのドメイン名 or IPアドレス]:[ポート番号] ★113 https_proxy: [http or https]://[ユーザー名]:[パスワード]@[proxyサーバのドメイン名 or IPアドレス]:[ポート番号] ★114 apt_key:115 url: "{{ docker_apt_url }}/{{ docker_apt_key_file }}"116 id: "{{ docker_apt_key_id }}"117 state: present118 become: TrueIf you don't do this, you'll get the following error when you run kolla-ansible -i /etc/kolla/all-in-one bootstrap-servers:
TASK [baremetal : Install docker apt gpg key] **********************************************************************************************************************************************************[0;31mfatal: [localhost]: FAILED! => {"changed": false, "msg": "Failed to download key at https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg: Request failed: <urlopen error timed out>"} [0m4. Proxy Settings to docker
Kolla Ansible deploying OpenStack wallaby on Ubuntu 20.04 - Configure proxy settings to docker just before executing the kolla-ansible -i /etc/kolla/all-in-one deploy command in the deployment procedure. For the procedure, "Using docker in a proxy environment on Ubuntu 20.04.1" is helpful.
If you do not do this, you will get the following error when executing the kolla-ansible -i /etc/kolla/all-in-one deploy.(It took me a while to realize that this was Proxy's fault...)
TASK [common : Ensure fluentd image is present for label check] ****************************************************************************************************************************************[1;30mtask path: /home/xxxxx/wallaby/share/kolla-ansible/ansible/roles/common/tasks/config.yml:26[0m[0;34mUsing module file /home/xxxxx/wallaby/share/kolla-ansible/ansible/library/kolla_docker.py[0m[0;34mPipelining is enabled.[0m[0;34m<localhost> ESTABLISH LOCAL CONNECTION FOR USER: xxxxx[0m[0;34m<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'sudo -H -S -n -u root /bin/sh -c '"'"'echo BECOME-SUCCESS-bawiyztivrzsmtncvhvtgpoohrmozoga ; /usr/bin/python3'"'"' && sleep 0'[0m[0;31mThe full traceback is:[0m[0;31m File "/tmp/ansible_kolla_docker_payload_b9_nm8n4/ansible_kolla_docker_payload.zip/ansible/modules/kolla_docker.py", line 1241, in main[0m[0;31m File "/tmp/ansible_kolla_docker_payload_b9_nm8n4/ansible_kolla_docker_payload.zip/ansible/modules/kolla_docker.py", line 1116, in ensure_image[0m[0;31m File "/tmp/ansible_kolla_docker_payload_b9_nm8n4/ansible_kolla_docker_payload.zip/ansible/modules/kolla_docker.py", line 691, in pull_image[0m[0;31m File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/docker/api/image.py", line 430, in pull[0m[0;31m self._raise_for_status(response)[0m[0;31m File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/docker/api/client.py", line 270, in _raise_for_status[0m[0;31m raise create_api_error_from_http_exception(e)[0m[0;31m File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/docker/errors.py", line 31, in create_api_error_from_http_exception[0m[0;31m raise cls(e, response=response, explanation=explanation)[0m[0;31mfatal: [localhost]: FAILED! => {[0m[0;31m "changed": true,[0m[0;31m "invocation": {[0m[0;31m "module_args": {[0m[0;31m "action": "ensure_image",[0m[0;31m "api_version": "auto",[0m[0;31m "auth_email": null,[0m[0;31m "auth_password": null,[0m[0;31m "auth_registry": null,[0m[0;31m "auth_username": null,[0m[0;31m "cap_add": [],[0m[0;31m "cgroupns_mode": null,[0m[0;31m "client_timeout": 120,[0m[0;31m "command": null,[0m[0;31m "detach": true,[0m[0;31m "dimensions": {},[0m[0;31m "environment": {[0m[0;31m "KOLLA_CONFIG_STRATEGY": "COPY_ALWAYS"[0m[0;31m },[0m[0;31m "graceful_timeout": 10,[0m[0;31m "healthcheck": null,[0m[0;31m "ignore_missing": false,[0m[0;31m "image": "kolla/ubuntu-source-fluentd:wallaby",[0m[0;31m "labels": {},[0m[0;31m "name": null,[0m[0;31m "privileged": false,[0m[0;31m "remove_on_exit": true,[0m[0;31m "restart_policy": "unless-stopped",[0m[0;31m "restart_retries": 10,[0m[0;31m "security_opt": [],[0m[0;31m "state": "running",[0m[0;31m "tls_cacert": null,[0m[0;31m "tls_cert": null,[0m[0;31m "tls_key": null,[0m[0;31m "tls_verify": false,[0m[0;31m "tmpfs": null,[0m[0;31m "tty": false,[0m[0;31m "volumes": null,[0m[0;31m "volumes_from": null[0m[0;31m }[0m[0;31m },[0m[0;31m "msg": "'Traceback (most recent call last):\\\ File \\"/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/docker/api/client.py\\", line 268, in _raise_for_status\\\ response.raise_for_status()\\\ File \\"/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/models.py\\", line 940, in raise_for_status\\\ raise HTTPError(http_error_msg, response=self)\\\requests.exceptions.HTTPError: 500 Server Error: Internal Server Error for url: http+docker://localhost/v1.41/images/create?tag=wallaby&fromImage=kolla%2Fubuntu-source-fluentd\\\\\\During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\\\\\\Traceback (most recent call last):\\\ File \\"/tmp/ansible_kolla_docker_payload_b9_nm8n4/ansible_kolla_docker_payload.zip/ansible/modules/kolla_docker.py\\", line 1241, in main\\\ File \\"/tmp/ansible_kolla_docker_payload_b9_nm8n4/ansible_kolla_docker_payload.zip/ansible/modules/kolla_docker.py\\", line 1116, in ensure_image\\\ File \\"/tmp/ansible_kolla_docker_payload_b9_nm8n4/ansible_kolla_docker_payload.zip/ansible/modules/kolla_docker.py\\", line 691, in pull_image\\\ File \\"/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/docker/api/image.py\\", line 430, in pull\\\ self._raise_for_status(response)\\\ File \\"/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/docker/api/client.py\\", line 270, in _raise_for_status\\\ raise create_api_error_from_http_exception(e)\\\ File \\"/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/docker/errors.py\\", line 31, in create_api_error_from_http_exception\\\ raise cls(e, response=response, explanation=explanation)\\\docker.errors.APIError: 500 Server Error for http+docker://localhost/v1.41/images/create?tag=wallaby&fromImage=kolla%2Fubuntu-source-fluentd: Internal Server Error (\\"Get \\"https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/\\": net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)\\")\\\'"[0m[0;31m}[0m5. Avoid Rate Limit on Docker Hub
That's all you need to do with the proxy settings, but the Rate Limit in Docker Hub still gives you errors.Kolla Ansible deploying OpenStack wallaby on Ubuntu 20.04 - Just before executing the kolla-ansible -i /etc/kolla/all-in-one deploy command in the Deployment procedure, go to the official Docker website and create a user account. After that, run the following command on ubuntu to keep the ubuntu machine logged in to Docker Hub.
sudo docker login --username=[Docker Hubで作成したユーザー名]Password: [Docker Hubで作成したユーザー名のパスワード]If you are not logged in to Docker Hub, you will get the following error.
TASK [common : Ensure fluentd image is present for label check] ****************************************************************************************************************************************[1;30mtask path: /home/xxxxx/wallaby/share/kolla-ansible/ansible/roles/common/tasks/config.yml:26[0m[0;34mUsing module file /home/xxxxx/wallaby/share/kolla-ansible/ansible/library/kolla_docker.py[0m[0;34mPipelining is enabled.[0m[0;34m<localhost> ESTABLISH LOCAL CONNECTION FOR USER: xxxxx[0m[0;34m<localhost> EXEC /bin/sh -c 'sudo -H -S -n -u root /bin/sh -c '"'"'echo BECOME-SUCCESS-zdsnyhuhqeakfohywfvxwnzxzjqfcgtm ; http_proxy=http://proxy.sample.com:8080 https_proxy=http://proxy.sample.com:8080 /usr/bin/python3'"'"' && sleep 0'[0m[0;31mThe full traceback is:[0m[0;31m File "/tmp/ansible_kolla_docker_payload_qcyrnm88/ansible_kolla_docker_payload.zip/ansible/modules/kolla_docker.py", line 1241, in main[0m[0;31m File "/tmp/ansible_kolla_docker_payload_qcyrnm88/ansible_kolla_docker_payload.zip/ansible/modules/kolla_docker.py", line 1116, in ensure_image[0m[0;31m File "/tmp/ansible_kolla_docker_payload_qcyrnm88/ansible_kolla_docker_payload.zip/ansible/modules/kolla_docker.py", line 691, in pull_image[0m[0;31m File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/docker/api/image.py", line 430, in pull[0m[0;31m self._raise_for_status(response)[0m[0;31m File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/docker/api/client.py", line 270, in _raise_for_status[0m[0;31m raise create_api_error_from_http_exception(e)[0m[0;31m File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/docker/errors.py", line 31, in create_api_error_from_http_exception[0m[0;31m raise cls(e, response=response, explanation=explanation)[0m[0;31mfatal: [localhost]: FAILED! => {[0m[0;31m "changed": true,[0m[0;31m "invocation": {[0m[0;31m "module_args": {[0m[0;31m "action": "ensure_image",[0m[0;31m "api_version": "auto",[0m[0;31m "auth_email": null,[0m[0;31m "auth_password": null,[0m[0;31m "auth_registry": null,[0m[0;31m "auth_username": null,[0m[0;31m "cap_add": [],[0m[0;31m "cgroupns_mode": null,[0m[0;31m "client_timeout": 120,[0m[0;31m "command": null,[0m[0;31m "detach": true,[0m[0;31m "dimensions": {},[0m[0;31m "environment": {[0m[0;31m "KOLLA_CONFIG_STRATEGY": "COPY_ALWAYS"[0m[0;31m },[0m[0;31m "graceful_timeout": 10,[0m[0;31m "healthcheck": null,[0m[0;31m "ignore_missing": false,[0m[0;31m "image": "kolla/ubuntu-source-fluentd:wallaby",[0m[0;31m "labels": {},[0m[0;31m "name": null,[0m[0;31m "privileged": false,[0m[0;31m "remove_on_exit": true,[0m[0;31m "restart_policy": "unless-stopped",[0m[0;31m "restart_retries": 10,[0m[0;31m "security_opt": [],[0m[0;31m "state": "running",[0m[0;31m "tls_cacert": null,[0m[0;31m "tls_cert": null,[0m[0;31m "tls_key": null,[0m[0;31m "tls_verify": false,[0m[0;31m "tmpfs": null,[0m[0;31m "tty": false,[0m[0;31m "volumes": null,[0m[0;31m "volumes_from": null[0m[0;31m }[0m[0;31m },[0m[0;31m "msg": "'Traceback (most recent call last):\\\ File \\"/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/docker/api/client.py\\", line 268, in _raise_for_status\\\ response.raise_for_status()\\\ File \\"/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/models.py\\", line 940, in raise_for_status\\\ raise HTTPError(http_error_msg, response=self)\\\requests.exceptions.HTTPError: 500 Server Error: Internal Server Error for url: http+docker://localhost/v1.41/images/create?tag=wallaby&fromImage=kolla%2Fubuntu-source-fluentd\\\\\\During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\\\\\\Traceback (most recent call last):\\\ File \\"/tmp/ansible_kolla_docker_payload_qcyrnm88/ansible_kolla_docker_payload.zip/ansible/modules/kolla_docker.py\\", line 1241, in main\\\ File \\"/tmp/ansible_kolla_docker_payload_qcyrnm88/ansible_kolla_docker_payload.zip/ansible/modules/kolla_docker.py\\", line 1116, in ensure_image\\\ File \\"/tmp/ansible_kolla_docker_payload_qcyrnm88/ansible_kolla_docker_payload.zip/ansible/modules/kolla_docker.py\\", line 691, in pull_image\\\ File \\"/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/docker/api/image.py\\", line 430, in pull\\\ self._raise_for_status(response)\\\ File \\"/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/docker/api/client.py\\", line 270, in _raise_for_status\\\ raise create_api_error_from_http_exception(e)\\\ File \\"/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/docker/errors.py\\", line 31, in create_api_error_from_http_exception\\\ raise cls(e, response=response, explanation=explanation)\\\docker.errors.APIError: 500 Server Error for http+docker://localhost/v1.41/images/create?tag=wallaby&fromImage=kolla%2Fubuntu-source-fluentd: Internal Server Error (\\"toomanyrequests: You have reached your pull rate limit. You may increase the limit by authenticating and upgrading: https://www.docker.com/increase-rate-limit\\")\\\'"[0m[0;31m}[0mIf you do all the above, I think that kolla-ansible will work properly even in the Proxy environment.
At last
In addition, there were times when I got an error saying "You can't hit this command unless you sudo" while running the playbook with kolla-ansible, but in my case, there were two cases where the processing was completed normally without the error being output by re-executing the playbook. If you get a similar error, you may be able to avoid it by re-running the playbook. (It is unclear why such an error occurred temporarily.)
(Updated 02/23/2022) If the process becomes long, it seems that sudo may get caught in the timeout and get an error like the one above. I think that it can be avoided by adding "Defaults timestamp_timeout=< time until timeout (minutes) >" to /etc/sudoers in advance.
Thanks to the idempotency of ansible, it felt a bit reassuring to be able to run the same playbook over and over again.We hope that this article will help you solve the problem of those who have the same problem.
FAQs
How to install OpenStack using kolla Ansible? ›
- Install kolla-ansible and its dependencies using pip . If using a virtual environment: ...
- Create the /etc/kolla directory. sudo mkdir -p /etc/kolla sudo chown $USER:$USER /etc/kolla.
- Copy globals. yml and passwords. ...
- Copy all-in-one and multinode inventory files to the current directory.
- Debian. Debian 11 (bullseye)
- Ubuntu. ...
- CentOS. ...
- Secure Shell (SSH) client and server that support public key authentication.
- Python 3.8.*x* or 3.10.*x*
- en_US.UTF-8 as the locale.
Kolla provides production-ready containers and deployment tools for operating OpenStack clouds that are scalable, fast, reliable, and upgradable using community best practices.
What is Ansible in OpenStack? ›OpenStack-Ansible is an official OpenStack project which aims to deploy production environments from source in a way that makes it scalable while also being simple to operate, upgrade, and grow.
How to create OpenStack? ›- Pre-requisities. Subscribe to cloud service. ...
- List images. An OpenStack image is used to define the operating system for a virtual machine. ...
- Creating your first VM. ...
- Follow the VM creation. ...
- Check console of virtual machine. ...
- Reboot a virtual machine.
- Step 1: Update and Upgrade the System. ...
- Step 2: Create Stack user and assign sudo priviledge. ...
- Step 3: Install git and download DevStack. ...
- Step 4: Create devstack configuration file. ...
- Step 5: Install OpenStack with Devstack. ...
- Step 6: Accessing OpenStack on a web browser.
- Ubuntu. Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus) ...
- CentOS (support is experimental) ...
- Secure Shell (SSH) client and server that support public key authentication.
- Network Time Protocol (NTP) client for time synchronization (such as ntpd or chronyd )
- Python 2.7.*x*
- en_US.UTF-8 as the locale.
| Criteria | Minimal | Recommended |
|---|---|---|
| CPU | 4 core @ 2.4 GHz | 24 core @ 2.67 GHz |
| RAM | 8 GB | 24 GB or more |
| HDD | 2 x 500 GB (7200 rpm) | 4 x 500 GB (7200 rpm) |
| RAID | Software RAID-1 (use mdadm as it improves the read performance almost twice) | Hardware RAID-10 |
Most OpenStack services use an SQL database to store information. The database typically runs on the controller node. The procedures in this guide use MariaDB or MySQL depending on the distribution. OpenStack services also support other SQL databases including PostgreSQL.
What is OpenStack example? ›Examples include IBM Bluemix Private Cloud, Canonical's Managed OpenStack and Rackspace OpenStack Private Cloud. Public cloud. Various public cloud providers offer services based on OpenStack technology, such as Rackspace Public Cloud, Vexxhost Public Cloud and Elastx OpenStack.
What is the difference between OpenStack and cloud? ›
OpenStack is a cloud system which manages sizeable pools of storage, networking resources, and servers around a datacenter. These are all controlled within a central dashboard. CloudStack, on the other hand, is an open-source app that is used to control a vast network of applications.
What is the difference between Ansible and OpenStack Ansible? ›OpenStack offers the infrastructure blueprints, API endpoints and Heat for delivering one-click infrastructure-as-a-service. Ansible provides an agentless platform for configuring, deploying and automating complex application software stacks in the cloud once the infrastructure is provisioned.
What is Ansible not good for? ›Ansible disadvantages include debugging, performance, complex data structures and control flow. Complex data structures. Many network automation tasks require complex data structures.
Why YAML is used in Ansible? ›Ansible uses YAML because it is very easy for humans to understand, read and write when compared to other data formats like XML and JSON. Every YAML file optionally starts with “---” and ends with “...”.
How to install OS in OpenStack? ›- Register installation ISO as a new image.
- Create a new volume from the ISO image.
- Create a new clean volume for the future boot disk.
- Start a new instance as the boot from volume from step 2.
To check whether Senlin server and Senlin client have been installed successfully, run command openstack cluster build info in a console. The installation is successful if the command output looks similar to the following. You are ready to begin your journey (aka.
How to install OpenStack command line? ›- Figure 1: API Access.
- Step 1: Prepare clouds.yaml and OpenStack RC files.
- Note -- The clouds. yaml file can be placed in several locations. ...
- Step 2: Create a Python virtual environment.
- Step 3: Activate the Python virtual environment.
- Step 4: Upgrade pip.
- Step 5: Install OpenStackClient.
- Note!
- Under Instances click "Launch Instance".
- Click the "Access & Security" tab.
- Choose the appropriate key pair from the pulldown list (or click the "+" sign to import one).
- [root@relaxed-flamingo ~]# ssh-keygen -b 4096.
- Generating public/private rsa key pair.
- Enter file in which to save the key (/root/. ...
- Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
- Enter same passphrase again:
- Your identification has been saved in /root/.
Create a container
On the Project tab, open the Object Store tab and click Containers category. Click Container. In the Create Container dialog box, enter a name for the container, and then click Create.
How many servers needed for OpenStack? ›
It looks like a minimum of 6 servers are required to perform the installation (1 for MAAS, 1 for Juju, and 4 for the openstack cluster). You'll also need dedicated block devices on nodes meant to host Ceph storage.
What is the easiest OpenStack deployment? ›Easiest way to try out Openstack is Devstack - an all-in-one installation of Openstack that runs on one machine. Save this answer. Barak's suggestion of using DevStack is the best way to learn about OpenStack.
Can I install OpenStack on a VM? ›Hardware requirements and Operational system considerations
First, to install OpenStack user needs a Linux machine. It can be either a virtual machine (VM) on a regular PC or a separate one.
- GIT.
- AWS.
- Docker.
- Kubernetes.
- Microsoft Azure Tutorial.
- Google Cloud Platform.
OpenStack is a free, open standard cloud computing platform.
What is the best storage for OpenStack? ›Ceph is undoubtedly the most popular storage backend for OpenStack. 70% of production OpenStack clouds use Ceph for data storage purposes. Ceph is also the industry's default software-defined storage (SDS) solution used by other infrastructure components, such as Kubernetes.
What is the cost of using OpenStack? ›Ubuntu OpenStack has 2 pricing edition(s), from $75,000 to $150,000.
How do I install and configure OpenStack? ›- Configure the dashboard to use OpenStack services on the controller node: ...
- Allow all hosts to access the dashboard: ...
- Configure the memcached session storage service: ...
- Enable support for domains: ...
- Configure API versions:
OpenStack is an open source platform that uses pooled virtual resources to build and manage private and public clouds. The tools that comprise the OpenStack platform, called "projects," handle the core cloud-computing services of compute, networking, storage, identity, and image services.
Does NASA use OpenStack? ›The open source project now known as OpenStack was developed by NASA and Rackspace Inc.
What are the two types of storage components in OpenStack? ›
OpenStack recognizes two types of storage: ephemeral and persistent.
What are the disadvantages of OpenStack? ›Unfortunately, there are also certain disadvantages to using OpenStack: Highly-dynamic range of functions: OpenStack is an open and very dynamic cloud-computing solution. New functions are added regularly, but some other functions can also be removed. OpenStack does not offer any sort of organized support.
Is OpenStack written in Python? ›OpenStack is a free and open-source cloud operating system written mainly in Python. It gives enterprises and service providers tools to build and manage cloud computing platforms for public and private clouds. OpenStack was developed in 2010 as a joint project of Rackspace Hosting and NASA.
Who uses OpenStack? ›Verizon uses OpenStack to achieve unified management across the network and the ability to move workloads between the edge and core.
What is the advantage of OpenStack? ›Benefits of Using OpenStack
Improving business agility. Increasing the efficiency of core processes. Enhancing the availability of resources. Adding flexibility and adaptability to your infrastructure.
OpenStack is a cost-effective extension of the existing public cloud infrastructure and a reasonable alternative to proprietary virtualisation solutions. It enables organisations to optimise their cloud costs and service providers to build an infrastructure competitive to hyperscalers.
Why should we use OpenStack? ›OpenStack allows you to create both virtual machines & containers. And the benefits of virtual machines are countless! From lowering hardware costs and saving time to customizability, flexibility, and easier & quicker provisioning. OpenStack can also help you create containers, which are an alternative to VMs.
What is the difference between OpenStack? ›The primary distinction between OpenStack and OpenShift is their cloud service model. OpenStack is infrastructure-based because it is used as infrastructure as a service (IaaS). OpenShift, on the other hand, is used as a Platform as a Service (PaaS). It provides you with a working platform.
What is Ansible best for? ›Ansible lets you quickly and easily deploy multitier apps. You won't need to write custom code to automate your systems; you list the tasks required to be done by writing a playbook, and Ansible will figure out how to get your systems to the state you want them to be in.
Why choose Ansible? ›Ansible® is an open source, command-line IT automation software application written in Python. It can configure systems, deploy software, and orchestrate advanced workflows to support application deployment, system updates, and more. Ansible's main strengths are simplicity and ease of use.
What are the limitations of Ansible? ›
- No way of reusing task output in main play.
- Cannot specify multiple fail_when statements.
- [*] A play is atomic, i.e. I can't take the output from a command, parse its json then act on it. ...
- If you're missing a variable in a variable file, Ansible won't fail to parse it.
- GitLab.
- Octopus Deploy.
- Azure Pipelines.
- UrbanCode Deploy.
- CloudBees Platform.
- Puppet Enterprise.
- Continuous Delivery Automation (CDA)
- DROPS.
Another prominent mention among the disadvantages of Ansible is the lack of any notion of state. Ansible does not have any notion of state like other automation tools such as Puppet. Ansible does not track dependencies and simply executes sequential tasks and stops when tasks finish, fail, or any error comes.
Why Ansible is better than shell script? ›In most cases you can't just replay a shell script, because it will try to do a lot of things that are already done and it is very hard to write idempotent commands. Ansible on the other hand only performs the tasks in the playbook that need to be performed: if the condition is already satisfied, there's nothing to do.
What programming language does Ansible use? ›Ansible is a tool written in Python, and it uses the declarative markup language YAML to describe the desired state of devices and configuration.
What is the advantage of YAML over properties? ›YAML files are more clear and human-readable in comparison to properties files and also provide several unique and useful feature for us. YAML supports Maps, lists, and scalar types.
How to install a package using Ansible? ›Package installation is a relatively simple task and only requires two elements. The state option instructs Ansible to check whether or not some package is present on the system, and the name option lists which packages to look for. Ansible deals in machine state, so module instructions always imply change.
How to install OS with Ansible? ›- Install VirtualBox, Vagrant, and Ansible. sudo apt-get install virtualbox vagrant sudo pip install -U ansible. Vagrant must be at least version 1.5. ...
- Download the Ansible roles: Ubuntu 14.04 (Trusty): ...
- Create the virtual machine and provision it: vagrant up.
| Criteria | Minimal | Recommended |
|---|---|---|
| CPU | 4 core @ 2.4 GHz | 24 core @ 2.67 GHz |
| RAM | 8 GB | 24 GB or more |
| HDD | 2 x 500 GB (7200 rpm) | 4 x 500 GB (7200 rpm) |
| RAID | Software RAID-1 (use mdadm as it improves the read performance almost twice) | Hardware RAID-10 |
- Step:1 Update the nodes using below command.
- Step:2 Update /etc/hosts file and Hostname.
- Step:3. ...
- Step:4 Set Passwordless authentication from Controller node to Compute & Network Node.
- Step:5 Enable RDO repository and install packstack utility.
How to install multiple packages using ansible? ›
- $ mkdir -pv centos-pkg/playbooks.
- $ cd centos-pkg/
- $ nano hosts.
- $ nano ansible.cfg.
- [defaults] inventory = hosts. ...
- $ ansible all -u ansible -m ping.
- - hosts: all. ...
- - hosts: all.
Ansible works with both python 2 and 3 version, FreeBSD has different packages for each python version. To install you can use: $ sudo pkg install py27-ansible.
How do I run a command in ansible? ›The command module takes the command name followed by a list of space-delimited arguments. The given command will be executed on all selected nodes. The command(s) will not be processed through the shell, so variables like $HOSTNAME and operations like "*" , "<" , ">" , "|" , ";" and "&" will not work. Use the ansible.
Do I need to install Ansible on all machines? ›You can use any computer that meets the software requirements as a control node - laptops, shared desktops, and servers can all run Ansible.
Which Linux OS is best for Ansible? ›You can install Ansible on any *nix-based operating system. One of the most popular choices out there is Ubuntu.
What operating systems does Ansible support? ›The community distribution of Ansible contains a suite of powerful command line tools supported on most operating systems with Python installed. This includes Red Hat® Enterprise Linux®, Debian, Ubuntu, MacOS, FreeBSD, Microsoft Windows, and more.